
Beyond the Durand Line and the Deep-Rooted Friction in Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations
Roots of the Pak-Afghan conflict exist in history, from the 1944 Durand Line dispute to modern trade closures and regional proxy wars.

Roots of the Pak-Afghan conflict exist in history, from the 1944 Durand Line dispute to modern trade closures and regional proxy wars.

The uncomfortable realities behind cross-border militancy, economic decoupling, and Kabul’s nationalist turn





